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Different languages use different symbols for the concatenation operator. Most languages use the "+" symbol, though several deviate from this norm.
| Operator | Languages |
|---|---|
| + | ALGOL 68, BASIC, C++, C#, Pascal, Object Pascal, Eiffel, Go, JavaScript, Java, Python, Turing, Ruby, Windows PowerShell, Objective-C, F# |
| ++ | Haskell |
| $+ | mIRC Scripting Language |
| & | Ada, AppleScript, Curl, VHDL, Visual Basic, Excel |
| . | Perl (before version 6), PHP, and Maple (up to version 5), Autohotkey |
| ~ | Perl 6 and D |
| || | Icon, Standard SQL, PL/I, Rexx, and Maple (from version 6) |
| <> | Mathematica |
| .. | Lua |
| , | J programming language, Smalltalk |
| ^ | OCaml, Standard ML, F#, rc |
| // | Fortran |
strcat function must be used.[x y]" to concatenate x and y.+" sign but, this leads to ambiguity if a string representing a number and a number is added together.&" and the function "=CONCATENATE(X,Y)".This section compares styles for declaring a string literal.
| Syntax | Language(s) |
|---|---|
| @"Hello, world!" | C#, F# |
| "Hello, world!" | Java |
| r"Hello, world!" | Python |
| 'Hello, world!' | Pascal, Object Pascal, PHP, Perl, Windows PowerShell |
| <![CDATA[Hello, world!]]> | XML (CDATA section) |
| `Hello, world!` | Go, Smalltalk |
| Syntax | Language(s) |
|---|---|
| "Hello, $name!" | PHP, Perl, Windows PowerShell |
| "Hello, #{name}!" | Ruby |
| Syntax | Language(s) |
|---|---|
| "I said \"Hello, world!\"" | C, C++, C#, F#, Java, Ocaml, Python |
| "I said `"Hello, world!`"" | Windows Powershell |
| "I said ^"Hello, world!^"" | REBOL |
| "I said, %"Hello, World!%"" | Eiffel |
| Syntax | Language(s) |
|---|---|
| "I said ""Hello, world!""" | ALGOL 68, Excel, Visual Basic, COBOL |
| 'I said ''Hello, world!''' | rc |
| Syntax | Language(s) |
|---|---|
| qq(I said "Hello, world!") | Perl |
| %Q(I said "Hello, world!") %(I said "Hello, world!") |
Ruby |
| {I said "Hello, world!"} | REBOL |
| Syntax | Language(s) |
|---|---|
| <<EOF I have a lot of things to say and so little time to say them EOF |
Perl, PHP, Ruby |
| @" I have a lot of things to say and so little time to say them "@ |
Windows Powershell |
| "[ I have a lot of things to say and so little time to say them ]" |
Eiffel |
| Syntax | Variant name | Language(s) |
|---|---|---|
| ′I said ′′Hello, world!′′.′ | Double quoting | Smalltalk |
'I said ''Hello, world!''.' |
Double quoting | Pascal, Object Pascal, SQL standard |
| """Hello, world!""" | Triple quoting | Python |
| 13HHello, world! | Hollerith notation | Fortran 77 |
| (indented with whitespace) | Indented with whitespace and newlines | YAML |